The Frontiers of the Roman Empire is a transnational UNESCO World Heritage site that represents the vast borders of the Roman Empire at its greatest extent in the 2nd century CE. In the UNITED KINGDOM, this site primarily consists of Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall.
- Hadrian’s Wall: Built beginning in 122 CE on the orders of Emperor Hadrian, this 73-mile (118 km) stone and turf fortification stretches across Northern England, from the banks of the River Tyne in the east to the Solway Firth in the west. It was the “north-west frontier” of the empire for nearly 300 years.
- Antonine Wall: Constructed around 142 CE in Scotland, this wall spans 37 miles across the narrow isthmus between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde. It represents the northernmost reach of Roman military expansion in Britain.
Attraction
- Immersive History: Visitors can walk the original path of the frontier, explore excavated Roman forts (like Housesteads and Vindolanda), and see ancient military installations, milecastles, and turrets.
- Dramatic Landscapes: The route offers some of the most scenic walking in England, particularly the “central section” where the wall follows the craggy limestone outcrops, providing sweeping views of the Northumberland countryside.
- Cultural Experience: Beyond the ruins, the route connects visitors with historic market towns like Hexham and Corbridge, famous for their charm, local pubs, and medieval architecture.
World Heritage
Inscribed in 1987 (and subsequently extended), the site meets UNESCO criteria for its:
- Architectural Testimony: It provides “exceptional testimony” to the development of Roman military engineering and urban planning.
- Historical Legacy: The frontiers illustrate a significant stage in human history, marking the definition and consolidation of the Roman Empire’s borders.
- Complex Preservation: The site is a rare, large-scale example of a frontier system that integrates walls, ditches, roads, and forts, showing how an ancient superpower managed its external relations and defense.
Gateway
Newcastle upon Tyne is the primary gateway for the eastern section, while Carlisle (CAX) serves as the gateway for the western end.
- Airport: Newcastle International Airport (NCL) is the closest major airport, with a direct Metro link to the city center and rail connections that run parallel to the wall.
- Lodging: Newcastle offers a wide range of luxury hotels and budget-friendly hostels. Alternatively, for a more rural experience, towns like Hexham provide a wealth of boutique guesthouses and inns located directly along the wall path.
When
- June to September: This is the prime period. The weather is at its mildest, the trails are drier, and almost all museums and tourist facilities are fully open.
- Note: The UK weather is unpredictable; even in summer, visitors should be prepared for wind and sudden rain.
Consideration
- Footwear & Fitness: Much of the site is best experienced on foot. Wear sturdy, waterproof hiking boots, as the terrain can be uneven, muddy, and hilly.
- Respect the Land: You will pass through many fields of sheep and cattle; always keep gates closed and be prepared for farm animals.
- Honesty Boxes: In remote sections, you may find “honesty boxes” in sheds selling snacks or water. Carry small amounts of cash for these.
- Planning: If you are not walking the entire route, focus on high-impact sites like Vindolanda (famous for its archaeological “writing tablets”) and Housesteads Fort.
Resources
- English Heritage – Hadrian’s Wall – The primary resource for visiting historical sites and understanding the wall’s history.
- UNESCO World Heritage – Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The official documentation of the site’s transnational significance.
- National Trail – Hadrian’s Wall Path – Essential for route planning, maps, and trail safety.
- Hadrian’s Wall Country – A comprehensive tourism portal for local towns, events, and transport.
- Booking.com – Newcastle Hotels – A reliable platform to book your stay in the gateway city.
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One response to “Frontiers of the Roman Empire *(GB)”
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Don’t miss Corbridge Roman town. Unlike the majority of sites on Hadrian’s Wall, which were heavily guarded fortresses, Corbridge was “a supply base and bustling town where the Romans and civilians would pick up food and provisions”, English Heritage explains. Today, you can still walk through the town’s streets and experience a true time-capsule of Roman life. You can see a valuable hoard of objects found during excavations, including Roman armour and trinkets, which provide a fascinating insight into the life of a soldier.
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